Chlamydia trachomatis: The Long Road to Describe Its Association with Disease in the Amazon Region of Brazil

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a worldwide public health burden, but many and diseases continue to be neglected. Areas with low human development index, including the northern areas of Brazil, particularly immense geographic Amazon region, present high frequency STIs because variables that contribute disseminate infection, lack access education, prevention measures treatment these vulnerable population groups. This review describes chronological investigation etiology pathologies associated infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, its prevalence, distribution, clinical, descriptive molecular epidemiology in regard STIs, trachoma heart disease. Long-term investigations among urban nonurban populations are discussed show need for effects continuous surveillance diminish burden (female sex workers, quilombos indigenous peoples) define new etiological associations C. trachomatis.